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刘
刚
——
漫
漫
求
索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
漫
漫
求
索
科
研
路
西
南
交
通
大
学
竢
实
扬
华
奖
章
答
辩
刘
刚
地
图
学
与
地
理
信
息
工
程
2010
级
博
士
研
究
生
地
球
科
学
与
环
境
工
程
学
院
Experimental Study the Impact of
Visibility on Individual Ascent Speed in
Stair
Junmin Chen
Southwest Jiaotong University
junminchen@dingtalk.com
Evacuation Case Studies and Evacuation Data
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刘
刚
——
漫
漫
求
索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
CONTENT
Experiment and analysis method
Research background and significance
The Results and Discussion
Conclusion
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刘
刚
——
漫
漫
求
索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
1.Research background and significance
2011
Tianfu Square Station of
Chengdu
Metro, 4
floors,25m underground.
2008
Transportation hub of
Tianjin
station, 32m
underground.
Guangzhou
East Railwa
y Station of Guangzhou
Metro, 40m
underground.
2012
Line 2 of
Nanjing
Metro, crossing the river,
47m underground.
Dongsi station of
Beijing
Subway, 4 lines transfer in
this station, 34m
underground.
2013
Line 10 of
Nanjing
Metro, crossing the river,
58m underground.
Majiayan station of
Chongqing
metro, line
1, 60m underground.
2014
Xihu park metro station of
Changsha
metro, 4floors,
38m underground.
Yujiabao railway station of
jing-jin
interurban
railway
, 65m underground.
Shapingba Transportation
hub of
Chognqing
,
7
floors, 36.5m underground.
Hongtudi station of
Chongqing rail transit
,
line 6, 61m underground.
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刚
——
漫
漫
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索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
1.Research background and significance
Subway fire accident in
Daegu, South Korea.
Killed about 200 people
and injured 147 individuals.
Derail accident of
Chicago
transit, more
than 100 injured.
Train fire accident in the
English Channel Tunnel
,
result in invalid of the tunnel,
and 14 individuals injured.
Washington D.C.
two underground trains
collided, caused
9 died and 14 injured.
Subway fire accident
in
Hong Kong Metro
,
injured 14 and about 1200
people were evacuated.
Explosion in
Minsk subway of
Belarus
, 11 died, 126
injured.
Explosion accident in the
center of Madrid Atocha
station
. Caused 173 people
died, 300 individuals injured.
Busan, South Korea
Subway
collision
accident, more than 100
people were injured.
New York
subway fire
accident, 15 injured and
around 4000 people
were evacuated.
Power failure accident
of
London
Underground,
more than 4000 people
were trapped in tunnel.
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刚
——
漫
漫
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索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
2.Experiment and analysis method
(
b
)
Plan of stairwell
1-2 (Unit: cm);
(
c
)
Plan of stairwell 1-
2 (Unit: cm);
(
d
)
Size diagrammatic
of step (Unit: cm)
Experiment settings
Figure2. The view of the staircase in
lighting-out condition: a on the inside
of the stair; b on the outside of the
stair.
(
a
)
(
b
)
Figure1. The dimension of
the staircase in the study
(
a
)
Section diagrammatic
of stairwell;
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刚
——
漫
漫
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索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
2.Experiment and analysis method
Based on lambert-beer law, when the light of wavelength
λ
go through the somke:
Experiment
condition
Condition of
lighting system
Condition of eye
shield
smoke density
visibility
Male
Female
1
On
-
-
>20m
15
15
2
Off
-
-
—
15
15
3
On
27%
0.13-0.26m
-1
5-10m
15
15
4
On
16%
0.26-0.60m
-1
3-7m
15
15
Visibility Parameters
Figure3. People putting
on the eye-patch
.
Table1. Terms of the evacuation
experiment.
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刚
——
漫
漫
求
索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
3.The Results and Discussion
The Probability Distribution of Evacuation Time
(
a
)
(
a
)
(
b
)
(
b
)
Figure3. Condition 1:a Male; b female.
Figure4. Condition 2:a Male; b female.
(
a
)
(
b
)
Figure5. Condition 3:a Male; b female.
(
a
)
(
b
)
Figure6. Condition 4:a Male; b female.
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刚
——
漫
漫
求
索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
3.The Results and Discussion
Figure7. Condition 1
Figure8.
Condition 2
The Ascent Speed
Gender
Max velocity
Min velocity
Male
1.28m/s
0.63m/s
Female
0.97m/s
0.53m/s
Jeon
1.34m/s-1.69m/s
Gender
Max evacuation speed
Min evacuation speed
Male
0.97m/s
0.60m/s
Female
0.82m/s
0.51m/s
Jeon
1.23m/s-1.61m/s
Table2. Experimental result in Condition 1.
Table3. Experimental result in Condition 2.
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刚
——
漫
漫
求
索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
3.The Results and Discussion
Figure9.
Condition 3
Figure10.
Condition 4
The Ascent Speed
Gender
Max velocity
Min velocity
Male
0.84m/s
0.57m/s
Female
0.55m/s
0.45m/s
Jeon
0.62m/s-0.64m/s
Table4. Experimental result in Condition 3.
Table5. Experimental result in Condition 4.
Gender
Max velocity
Min velocity
Male
0.62m/s
0.48m/s
Female
0.55m/s
0.44m/s
Jeon
0.51m/s-0.61m/s
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刚
——
漫
漫
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索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
3.The Results and Discussion
Figure11. Condition
1: a Male; b Female.
The Cumulative Average speeds
Figure12. Condition
2: a Male; b Female.
Table6. Experimental result in Condition 1.
Gender
Max velocity
Min velocity
The difference
Male
1.28m/s
0.79m/s
0.39m/s
Female
0.97m/s
0.62m/s
0.36m/s
Choi
0.75m/s for males and 0.53m/s for females
Table7. Experimental result in Condition 2.
Gender
Max velocity
Min velocity
The difference
Male
0.97m/s
0.70m/s
0.27m/s
Female
0.83m/s
0.60m/s
0.23m/s
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刘
刚
——
漫
漫
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索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
3.The Results and Discussion
Figure13. Condition
3: a Male; b Female.
The Cumulative Average speeds
Figure14. Condition
4: a Male; b Female.
Table8. Experimental result in Condition 3.
Gender
Max velocity
Min velocity
The difference
Male
0.84m/s
0.69m/s
0.15m/s
Female
0.55m/s
0.46m/s
0.06m/s
Table9. Experimental result in Condition 4.
Gender
Max velocity
Min velocity
The difference
Male
0.55m/s
0.52m/s
0.03m/s
Female
0.47m/s
0.46m/s
0.01m/s
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刚
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漫
漫
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索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
3.The Results and Discussion
The Ratio of Handrail Utilization
Figure16. Condition 1
Figure17.
Condition 2
Figure18. Condition 3
Figure19.
Condition 4
Figure15. The ration of handrail utilization
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刚
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漫
漫
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索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
4.Conclusions
In the condition of
changes in visibility by indoor ordinary lights
, males’ and females’
ascent speeds
showed a steady trend after the first decrease
. In the condition of
changes in
visibility by smoke
, males’ and females’ ascent speeds
showed no obvious changes with
the ascending floors
.
Participates were
likely to use the handrail throughout the upward movement
. In
Condition1 and Condition 2, participants used the handrail in upward movement
process
as physical exertion
. In Condition 3 and Condition 4, participants used handrail to
identify the direction of movement
..
Females were likely more affected by the visibility of the stairs than males, and males’
ability to adapt to the environment were superior to females’.
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刚
——
漫
漫
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索
科
研
路
Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong
University
Thank You
!