第 1 页 第 1 页 第 1 页 第 1 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 西 南 交 通 大 学 竢 实 扬 华 奖 章 答 辩 刘 刚 地 图 学 与 地 理 信 息 工 程 2010 级 博 士 研 究 生 地 球 科 学 与 环 境 工 程 学 院 Experimental Study the Impact of Visibility on Individual Ascent Speed in Stair Junmin Chen Southwest Jiaotong University junminchen@dingtalk.com Evacuation Case Studies and Evacuation Data
第 2 页 第 2 页 第 2 页 第 2 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University CONTENT Experiment and analysis method Research background and significance The Results and Discussion Conclusion
第 3 页 第 3 页 第 3 页 第 3 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University 1.Research background and significance 2011 Tianfu Square Station of Chengdu Metro, 4 floors,25m underground. 2008 Transportation hub of Tianjin station, 32m underground. Guangzhou  East Railwa y Station of Guangzhou Metro, 40m underground. 2012 Line 2 of Nanjing Metro, crossing the river, 47m underground. Dongsi station of Beijing Subway, 4 lines transfer in this station, 34m underground. 2013 Line 10 of Nanjing Metro, crossing the river, 58m underground. Majiayan station of Chongqing metro, line 1, 60m underground. 2014 Xihu park metro station of Changsha metro, 4floors, 38m underground. Yujiabao railway station of jing-jin interurban railway , 65m underground. Shapingba Transportation hub of Chognqing , 7 floors, 36.5m underground. Hongtudi station of Chongqing rail transit , line 6, 61m underground.
第 4 页 第 4 页 第 4 页 第 4 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University 1.Research background and significance Subway fire accident in Daegu, South Korea.   Killed about 200 people and injured 147 individuals. Derail accident of Chicago transit, more than 100 injured. Train fire accident in the English Channel Tunnel , result in invalid of the tunnel, and 14 individuals injured. Washington D.C.  two underground trains  collided, caused 9 died and 14 injured. Subway fire accident in  Hong Kong Metro , injured 14 and about 1200 people were evacuated. Explosion in Minsk subway of Belarus , 11 died, 126 injured. Explosion accident in the center of Madrid Atocha station . Caused 173 people died, 300 individuals injured. Busan, South Korea Subway collision accident, more than 100 people were injured. New York subway fire accident, 15 injured and around 4000 people were evacuated. Power failure accident of London  Underground, more than 4000 people were trapped in tunnel.
第 5 页 第 5 页 第 5 页 第 5 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University 2.Experiment and analysis method （ b ） Plan of stairwell 1-2 (Unit: cm); （ c ） Plan of stairwell 1- 2 (Unit: cm); （ d ） Size diagrammatic of step (Unit: cm) Experiment settings Figure2. The view of the staircase in lighting-out condition: a on the inside of the stair; b on the outside of the stair. （ a ） （ b ） Figure1. The dimension of the staircase in the study （ a ） Section diagrammatic of stairwell;
第 6 页 第 6 页 第 6 页 第 6 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University 2.Experiment and analysis method Based on lambert-beer law, when the light of wavelength λ go through the somke: Experiment condition Condition of lighting system Condition of eye shield smoke density visibility Male Female 1 On - - >20m 15 15 2 Off - - — 15 15 3 On 27% 0.13-0.26m -1 5-10m 15 15 4 On 16% 0.26-0.60m -1 3-7m 15 15 Visibility Parameters Figure3. People putting on the eye-patch . Table1. Terms of the evacuation experiment.
第 7 页 第 7 页 第 7 页 第 7 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University 3.The Results and Discussion The Probability Distribution of Evacuation Time （ a ） （ a ） （ b ） （ b ） Figure3. Condition 1:a Male; b female. Figure4. Condition 2:a Male; b female. （ a ） （ b ） Figure5. Condition 3:a Male; b female. （ a ） （ b ） Figure6. Condition 4:a Male; b female.
第 8 页 第 8 页 第 8 页 第 8 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University 3.The Results and Discussion Figure7. Condition 1 Figure8. Condition 2 The Ascent Speed Gender Max velocity Min velocity Male 1.28m/s 0.63m/s Female 0.97m/s 0.53m/s Jeon 1.34m/s-1.69m/s Gender Max evacuation speed Min evacuation speed Male 0.97m/s 0.60m/s Female 0.82m/s 0.51m/s Jeon 1.23m/s-1.61m/s Table2. Experimental result in Condition 1. Table3. Experimental result in Condition 2.
第 9 页 第 9 页 第 9 页 第 9 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University 3.The Results and Discussion Figure9. Condition 3 Figure10. Condition 4 The Ascent Speed Gender Max velocity Min velocity Male 0.84m/s 0.57m/s Female 0.55m/s 0.45m/s Jeon 0.62m/s-0.64m/s Table4. Experimental result in Condition 3. Table5. Experimental result in Condition 4. Gender Max velocity Min velocity Male 0.62m/s 0.48m/s Female 0.55m/s 0.44m/s Jeon 0.51m/s-0.61m/s
第 10 页 第 10 页 第 10 页 第 10 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University 3.The Results and Discussion Figure11. Condition 1: a Male; b Female. The Cumulative Average speeds Figure12. Condition 2: a Male; b Female. Table6. Experimental result in Condition 1. Gender Max velocity Min velocity The difference Male 1.28m/s 0.79m/s 0.39m/s Female 0.97m/s 0.62m/s 0.36m/s Choi 0.75m/s for males and 0.53m/s for females Table7. Experimental result in Condition 2. Gender Max velocity Min velocity The difference Male 0.97m/s 0.70m/s 0.27m/s Female 0.83m/s 0.60m/s 0.23m/s
第 11 页 第 11 页 第 11 页 第 11 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University 3.The Results and Discussion Figure13. Condition 3: a Male; b Female. The Cumulative Average speeds Figure14. Condition 4: a Male; b Female. Table8. Experimental result in Condition 3. Gender Max velocity Min velocity The difference Male 0.84m/s 0.69m/s 0.15m/s Female 0.55m/s 0.46m/s 0.06m/s Table9. Experimental result in Condition 4. Gender Max velocity Min velocity The difference Male 0.55m/s 0.52m/s 0.03m/s Female 0.47m/s 0.46m/s 0.01m/s
第 12 页 第 12 页 第 12 页 第 12 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University 3.The Results and Discussion The Ratio of Handrail Utilization Figure16. Condition 1 Figure17. Condition 2 Figure18. Condition 3 Figure19. Condition 4 Figure15. The ration of handrail utilization
第 13 页 第 13 页 第 13 页 第 13 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University 4.Conclusions In the condition of changes in visibility by indoor ordinary lights , males’ and females’ ascent speeds showed a steady trend after the first decrease . In the condition of changes in visibility by smoke , males’ and females’ ascent speeds showed no obvious changes with the ascending floors . Participates were likely to use the handrail throughout the upward movement . In Condition1 and Condition 2, participants used the handrail in upward movement process as physical exertion . In Condition 3 and Condition 4, participants used handrail to identify the direction of movement .. Females were likely more affected by the visibility of the stairs than males, and males’ ability to adapt to the environment were superior to females’.
第 14 页 第 14 页 第 14 页 第 14 页 刘 刚 —— 漫 漫 求 索 科 研 路 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Thank You ！